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authors: Tamayo-Velázquez MI, Simón-Lorda P, Guven T
last update: 7/06/2010
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Turkey, known officially as the Republic of Turkey, is a Eurasian country. As of 2007, the population of Turkey stood at 70.5 million with a growth rate of 1.04 % per annum. The average population density (the number of persons per square kilometer) is 92 in Turkey
A complete description of the Turkish Health Care System available online at:
World Health Organization - Regional Office for Europe
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Advance Directives are not regulated by any specific law in Turkey and t here is not any particular bill regarding ADs.
The possibility to appoint a healthcare proxy is envisaged by the Article 19 of Regulation on Patient Rights [ Hasta Hakları Yönetmeliği ] issued on August 1, 1998.
Living wills in Turkey can be named as:
- Yaşayan dilek
- Yaşayan irade
- Hasta vasiyeti
The number of living wills, if any, must be very low, due to there is neither legislation nor information about this topic.
Generally speaking, the citizens of Turkey do not complete AD s. No register of AD s exists. As a result, it is impossible to know whether some people have already completed them, whether before a notary or by another method.
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Advance Directives are not regulated by any specific law in Turkey and t here is not any particular bill regarding ADs.
The Article 14 of Law on Procurement, Storage and Transplantation of Tissues and Organs issued in 1979 (Organ ve Doku Alınması, Saklanması, Aşılanması ve Nakli Hakkında Kanun) allows individuals to donate their organs via a written will or in the presence of two witnesses, but the legal status of a written document regarding treatment decisions in health care are not explicitly addressed in Turkish law.
The possibility to appoint a healthcare proxy is envisaged by the Article 19 of Regulation on Patient Rights [ Hasta Hakları Yönetmeliği ] issued on August 1, 1998. This article implies that under conditions where information is withheld from the patient, this information may be disclosed to someone else determined beforehand. In addition, while the status of legal representatives in the decision making process is addressed in the Regulation, whether such decision makers can be appointed via an AD is not mentioned.
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There is no official procedure to registry an living will in Turkey.
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There is no official form to complete an living will in Turkey.
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Advance Directives today in Turkey
Turkey now seems to be in a transitional period where a move towards a more patient-autonomy centred approach is being supported by the regulatory authorities, as well as the academic circles and the public at large.
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In the light of this background, this paper aims to examine the potential benefits of advance directives, particularly with regard to their possible effect in the clinical decision-making process of Turkey’s context. It will be argued that advance directives, if correctly understood and implemented in the right settings, may be beneficial, particularly for improving communication between patients and healthcare professionals and for implementing of the right to refuse treatment.
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